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Retrofit + Paging + Hilt + Moshi

In this example you will learn how to fetch paged or paginated data from a remote repository via Retrofit andPaging Library. Dagger Hilt is used for dependency injection. Moshi is our JSON parsing library. Our remote data source is Github API.

This example will comprise the following files:

  • GitHubAPI.kt
  • App.kt
  • Repo.kt
  • AppModule.kt
  • RepoPagingSource.kt
  • MainActivity.kt
  • MainViewModel.kt
  • RepoAdapter.kt
  • RepoLoadStateAdapter.kt
  • UiModel.kt

Step 1: Create Project

  1. Open your AndroidStudio IDE.
  2. Go to File-->New-->Project to create a new project.

Step 2: Add Dependencies

In your app/build.gradle add dependencies as shown below. First apply the following plugins including kotlin-kapt and dagger.hilt.android.plugin:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'
apply plugin: 'dagger.hilt.android.plugin'
Inside the android{} closure enable Java8 as well as data binding:

android {
   //..
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
        freeCompilerArgs += ["-Xopt-in=kotlin.RequiresOptIn"]
    }

    buildFeatures {
        dataBinding = true
    }
}

Then we will have our dependencies as shown below:

dependencies {
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.3.2'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'

    implementation "androidx.fragment:fragment-ktx:1.3.2"

    implementation "androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.1.0"
    implementation "androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.2.0-rc01"

    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.4.0-alpha01"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-ktx:2.4.0-alpha01"

    implementation "androidx.paging:paging-runtime-ktx:3.0.0-beta03"

    implementation 'com.jakewharton.timber:timber:4.7.1'

    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshi:2.9.0'

    implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.7.2'
    implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:4.7.2'

    implementation "com.squareup.moshi:moshi:1.9.2"
    kapt "com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin-codegen:1.9.2"

    implementation 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android:2.33-beta'
    kapt 'com.google.dagger:hilt-compiler:2.33-beta'
}

Step 3: Design Layouts

For the layouts we will be using data binding to bind values to widgets:

Here are our layouts:

(a). activity_main.xml

Create a file named activity_main.xml and design it as follows. Add a SwipeRefreshLayout, RecyclerView and a Button inside a ConstraintLayout:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>

        <import type="android.view.View" />

        <variable
            name="activity"
            type="com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.ui.MainActivity" />

    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <androidx.swiperefreshlayout.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
            android:id="@+id/swipe_refresh"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:visibility="@{activity.isError ? View.GONE : View.VISIBLE}"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:onRefreshListener="@{() -> activity.onRefresh()}"
            app:refreshing="@{activity.isRefreshing}">

            <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
                android:id="@+id/recycler"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                tools:listitem="@layout/item_repo" />
        </androidx.swiperefreshlayout.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout>

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_retry"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:onClick="@{() -> activity.retry()}"
            android:text="RETRY"
            android:visibility="@{activity.isError ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
*(b). item_repo.xml

Create a file named item_repo.xml and design it as follows. Add an ImageButton and a textview:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>

        <variable
            name="model"
            type="com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.ui.UiModel" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/text_name"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
            android:text="@{model.fullName}"
            android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Body1"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/button_fav"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            tools:text="@tools:sample/cities" />

        <ImageButton
            android:id="@+id/button_fav"
            android:layout_width="32dp"
            android:layout_height="32dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:background="?android:attr/selectableItemBackgroundBorderless"
            android:scaleType="fitCenter"
            android:src="@{model.favorite ? @drawable/ic_favorite_on : @drawable/ic_favorite_off}"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            tools:src="@drawable/ic_favorite_on" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
*(c). item_repo_load_state.xml

Create a file named item_repo_load_state.xml and design it as follows. Add a ProgressBar and a MaterialButton:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">

    <data>

        <variable
            name="isLoading"
            type="Boolean" />

        <variable
            name="isError"
            type="Boolean" />

        <import type="android.view.View" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <ProgressBar
            android:id="@+id/progress"
            style="@style/Widget.AppCompat.ProgressBar"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:visibility="@{isLoading ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
            android:id="@+id/button_retry"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:text="RETRY"
            android:visibility="@{isError ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>

Step 4: Write Code

Write Code as follows:

Create an API Interface

(a). GitHubAPI.kt

Create a file named GitHubAPI.kt and inside it create an Interface with the following suspendable abstract function:

    @GET("/users/{user}/repos")
    suspend fun repos(
        @Path("user") user: String,
        @Query("page") page: Int,
        @Query("per_page") prePage: Int
    ): Response<List<Repo>>

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.api

import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.data.Repo
import retrofit2.Response
import retrofit2.http.GET
import retrofit2.http.Path
import retrofit2.http.Query

interface GitHubAPI {
    @GET("/users/{user}/repos")
    suspend fun repos(
        @Path("user") user: String,
        @Query("page") page: Int,
        @Query("per_page") prePage: Int
    ): Response<List<Repo>>
}

(b). App.kt

Create a file named App.kt and make the class extend the Application class then inside it initialize the Timber, our logging library by invoking the plant() function:

Timber.plant(Timber.DebugTree())

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample

import android.app.Application
import dagger.hilt.android.HiltAndroidApp
import timber.log.Timber

@HiltAndroidApp
class App : Application() {
    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        Timber.plant(Timber.DebugTree())
    }
}

(c). Repo.kt

Create a file named Repo.kt and inside it create a data class called Repo. Annotate it with @JsonClass(generateAdapter = true) then define the class instance fields. We will be using Moshi to map JSON data to this class.

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.data

import com.squareup.moshi.Json
import com.squareup.moshi.JsonClass

@JsonClass(generateAdapter = true)
data class Repo(
    @Json(name = "id")
    val id: String,
    @Json(name = "full_name")
    val fullName: String
)

(d). AppModule.kt

Create a file named AppModule.kt

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.di

import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.api.GitHubAPI
import dagger.Module
import dagger.Provides
import dagger.hilt.InstallIn
import dagger.hilt.components.SingletonComponent
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient
import okhttp3.logging.HttpLoggingInterceptor
import retrofit2.Retrofit
import retrofit2.converter.moshi.MoshiConverterFactory

@Module
@InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class)
object AppModule {
    @Provides
    fun provideApi(): GitHubAPI {
        val okhttp = OkHttpClient.Builder()
            .addInterceptor(HttpLoggingInterceptor().apply {
                setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BASIC)
            })
            .build()

        val retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
            .client(okhttp)
            .baseUrl("https://api.github.com")
            .addConverterFactory(MoshiConverterFactory.create())
            .build()

        return retrofit.create(GitHubAPI::class.java)
    }
}

(e). RepoPagingSource.kt

Create a file named RepoPagingSource.kt. This is our paging class. Extend the androidx.paging.PagingSource and override the load() and getRefreshKey() to help us do our pagination.

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.paging

import androidx.paging.PagingSource
import androidx.paging.PagingState
import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.api.GitHubAPI
import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.data.Repo
import timber.log.Timber

class RepoPagingSource(
    private val api: GitHubAPI
) : PagingSource<Int, Repo>() {

    override suspend fun load(params: LoadParams<Int>): LoadResult<Int, Repo> {
        return try {
            val page = params.key ?: 1
            val response = api.repos("google", page, params.loadSize)

            val repos = response.body()
            if (repos != null) {
                var next: Int? = null
                // Check if there is next page
                response.headers()["Link"]?.let { link ->
                    val regex = Regex("rel=\"next\"")
                    if (regex.containsMatchIn(link)) {
                        next = page + 1
                    }
                }
                LoadResult.Page(
                    data = repos,
                    prevKey = null,
                    nextKey = next
                )
            } else {
                LoadResult.Page(
                    data = emptyList(),
                    prevKey = null,
                    nextKey = null
                )
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            Timber.w(e)
            LoadResult.Error(e)
        }
    }

    override fun getRefreshKey(state: PagingState<Int, Repo>): Int? {
        return null
    }
}

(f). MainActivity.kt

Create a file named MainActivity.kt. This is our MainActivity class.

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.ui

import android.os.Bundle
import androidx.activity.viewModels
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData
import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
import androidx.paging.LoadState
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DefaultItemAnimator
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DividerItemDecoration
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager
import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.R
import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.databinding.ActivityMainBinding
import dagger.hilt.android.AndroidEntryPoint
import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.collectLatest
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch

@AndroidEntryPoint
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBinding

    val isRefreshing = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()

    val isError = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()

    private val viewModel: MainViewModel by viewModels()

    private val adapter = RepoAdapter()

    @OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main)
        binding.lifecycleOwner = this
        binding.activity = this

        binding.recycler.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this)
        binding.recycler.addItemDecoration(
            DividerItemDecoration(
                this,
                DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL
            )
        )
        // disable animation
        (binding.recycler.itemAnimator as? DefaultItemAnimator)?.supportsChangeAnimations = false

        binding.recycler.adapter = adapter.withLoadStateFooter(RepoLoadStateAdapter(adapter::retry))

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            viewModel.reposFlow.collectLatest {
                adapter.submitData(it)
            }
        }

        lifecycleScope.launch {
            adapter.loadStateFlow.collectLatest { loadState ->
                isRefreshing.value = loadState.refresh is LoadState.Loading
                isError.value = loadState.refresh is LoadState.Error
            }
        }
    }

    fun onRefresh() {
        adapter.refresh()
    }

    fun retry() {
        adapter.retry()
    }
}

(g). MainViewModel.kt

Create a file named MainViewModel.kt. This is our ViewModel class.

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.ui

import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
import androidx.paging.Pager
import androidx.paging.PagingConfig
import androidx.paging.cachedIn
import androidx.paging.map
import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.api.GitHubAPI
import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.paging.RepoPagingSource
import dagger.hilt.android.lifecycle.HiltViewModel
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.map
import javax.inject.Inject

@HiltViewModel
class MainViewModel @Inject constructor(
    private val api: GitHubAPI
) : ViewModel() {

    val reposFlow = Pager(
        PagingConfig(pageSize = PAGE_SIZE, initialLoadSize = PAGE_SIZE)
    ) {
        RepoPagingSource(api)
    }.flow
        .map { pagingData ->
            pagingData.map {
                UiModel(
                    it.id,
                    it.fullName
                )
            }
        }.cachedIn(viewModelScope)

    companion object {
        private const val PAGE_SIZE = 20
    }
}

(h). RepoAdapter.kt

Create a file named RepoAdapter.kt. This is our github repositories adapter. Extend the PagingDataAdapter. Override the onCreateViewHolder and onBindViewHolder.

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.ui

import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.ViewGroup
import androidx.paging.PagingDataAdapter
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DiffUtil
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.databinding.ItemRepoBinding

class RepoAdapter : PagingDataAdapter<UiModel, RepoAdapter.ViewHolder>(DIFF_CALLBACK) {

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder {
        val binding = ItemRepoBinding.inflate(
            LayoutInflater.from(parent.context),
            parent,
            false
        )
        return ViewHolder(binding)
    }

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, position: Int) {
        val model = getItem(position)
        holder.bind(getItem(position)) {
            model?.let {
                it.favorite = !it.favorite
                notifyItemChanged(position)
            }
        }
    }

    class ViewHolder(private val binding: ItemRepoBinding) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(binding.root) {
        fun bind(model: UiModel?, onClickFav: () -> Unit) {
            binding.model = model
            if (model == null) {
                binding.buttonFav.setOnClickListener(null)
            } else {
                binding.buttonFav.setOnClickListener {
                    onClickFav()
                }
            }
            binding.executePendingBindings()
        }
    }

    companion object {
        val DIFF_CALLBACK = object : DiffUtil.ItemCallback<UiModel>() {
            override fun areItemsTheSame(oldItem: UiModel, newItem: UiModel): Boolean {
                return oldItem.id == newItem.id
            }

            override fun areContentsTheSame(oldItem: UiModel, newItem: UiModel): Boolean {
                return oldItem == newItem
            }
        }
    }
}

(i). RepoLoadStateAdapter.kt

Create a file named RepoLoadStateAdapter.kt. This is our loading state adapter. Extend the LoadStateAdapter.

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.ui

import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.ViewGroup
import androidx.paging.LoadState
import androidx.paging.LoadStateAdapter
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
import com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.databinding.ItemRepoLoadStateBinding

class RepoLoadStateAdapter(
    private val retry: () -> Unit
) : LoadStateAdapter<RepoLoadStateAdapter.ViewHolder>() {

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, loadState: LoadState): ViewHolder {
        val binding = ItemRepoLoadStateBinding.inflate(
            LayoutInflater.from(parent.context),
            parent,
            false
        )
        return ViewHolder(binding)
    }

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, loadState: LoadState) {
        holder.bind(loadState, retry)
    }

    class ViewHolder(
        private val binding: ItemRepoLoadStateBinding
    ) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(binding.root) {

        fun bind(loadState: LoadState, retry: () -> Unit) {
            binding.isLoading = loadState is LoadState.Loading
            binding.isError = loadState is LoadState.Error

            binding.buttonRetry.setOnClickListener {
                retry()
            }
            binding.executePendingBindings()
        }
    }
}

(j). UiModel.kt

Create a file named UiModel.kt. This is our UI model class.

Here is the full code

package com.star_zero.pagingretrofitsample.ui

data class UiModel(
    val id: String,
    val fullName: String,
    var favorite: Boolean = false
)

Run

Simply copy the source code into your Android Project,Build and Run.

Reference

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